Source of: /manual/en/language.operators.execution.php


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<div id="language.operators.execution" class="sect1">

   <h2 class="title">Execution Operators</h2>

   <p class="para">

    PHP supports one execution operator: backticks (``). Note that

    these are not single-quotes! PHP will attempt to execute the

    contents of the backticks as a shell command; the output will be

    returned (i.e., it won&#039;t simply be dumped to output; it can be

    assigned to a variable).  Use of the backtick operator is identical

    to <a href="function.shell-exec.php" class="function">shell_exec()</a>.

    </p><div class="informalexample">

     <div class="example-contents programlisting">

<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">

<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php<br />$output&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">=&nbsp;`</span><span style="color: #DD0000">ls&nbsp;-al</span><span style="color: #007700">`;<br />echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"&lt;pre&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$output</span><span style="color: #DD0000">&lt;/pre&gt;"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>

</span>

</code></div>

     </div>



    </div><p>

   </p>

   <blockquote><p><b class="note">Note</b>: 

    

     The backtick operator is disabled when <a href="ini.sect.safe-mode.php#ini.safe-mode" class="link">safe mode</a> is enabled

     or <a href="function.shell-exec.php" class="function">shell_exec()</a> is disabled.

    <br />

   </p></blockquote>

   <p class="para">

    See also the manual section on <a href="ref.exec.php" class="link">Program

    Execution functions</a>, <a href="function.popen.php" class="function">popen()</a>

    <a href="function.proc-open.php" class="function">proc_open()</a>, and

    <a href="features.commandline.php" class="link">Using PHP from the

    commandline</a>.

   </p>

  </div><?php manual_footer(); ?>
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Source of: /manual/en/language.operators.execution.php
